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Dvādaśo'dhyāyaḥ

3
Manusmṛtiḥ · 12

cāturvarṇyasya kṛtsno'yamukto dharmastvayānaghaḥ

karmaṇāṃ phalanirvṛttiṃ śaṃsa nastattvataḥ parām

||1||

sa tānuvāca dharmātmā maharṣīnmānavo bhṛguḥ

asya sarvasya śṛṇuta karmayogasya nirṇayam

||2||

śubhāśubhaphalaṃ karma manovāgdehasaṃbhavam

karmajā gatayo nṝṇāmuttamādhamamadhyamaḥ

||3||

tasyeha trividhasyāpi tryadhiṣṭhānasya dehinaḥ

daśalakṣaṇayuktasya mano vidyātpravartakam

||4||

paradravyeṣvabhidhyānaṃ manasāniṣṭacintanam

vitathābhiniveśaśca trividhaṃ karma mānasam

||5||

pāruṣyamanṛtaṃ caiva paiśunyaṃ cāpi sarvaśaḥ

asaṃbaddhapralāpaśca vāṅmayaṃ syāccaturvidham

||6||

adattānāmupādānaṃ hiṃsā caivāvidhānataḥ

paradāropasevā ca śārīraṃ trividhaṃ smṛtam

||7||

mānasaṃ manasaivāyamupabhuṅkte śubhāśubham

vācā vācā kṛtaṃ karma kāyenaiva ca kāyikam

||8||

śarīrajaiḥ karmadoṣairyāti sthāvaratāṃ naraḥ

vācikaiḥ pakṣimṛgatāṃ mānasairantyajātitām

||9||

vāgdaṇḍo'tha manodaṇḍaḥ kāyadaṇḍastathaiva ca

yasyaite nihitā buddhau tridaṇḍīti sa ucyate

||10||

tridaṇḍametannikṣipya sarvabhūteṣu mānavaḥ

kāmakrodhau tu saṃyamya tataḥ siddhiṃ niyacchati

||11||

yo'syātmanaḥ kārayitā taṃ kṣetrajñaṃ pracakṣate

yaḥ karoti tu karmāṇi sa bhūtātmocyate budhaiḥ

||12||

jīvasaṃjño'ntarātmānyaḥ sahajaḥ sarvadehinām

yena vedayate sarvaṃ sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca janmasu

||13||

tāvubhau bhūtasaṃpṛktau mahānkṣetrajña eva ca

uccāvaceṣu bhūteṣu sthitaṃ taṃ vyāpya tiṣṭhataḥ

||14||

asaṃkhyā mūrtayastasya niṣpatanti śarīrataḥ

uccāvacāni bhūtāni satataṃ ceṣṭayanti yāḥ

||15||

pañcabhya eva mātrābhyaḥ pretya duṣkṛtināṃ nṛṇām

śarīraṃ yātanārthīyamanyadutpadyate dhruvam

||16||

tenānubhūya tā yāmīḥ śarīreṇeha yātanāḥ

tāsveva bhūtamātrāsu pralīyante vibhāgaśaḥ

||17||

so'nubhūyāsukhodarkāndoṣānviṣayasaṅgajān

vyapetakalmaṣo'bhyeti tāvevobhau mahaujasau

||18||

tau dharmaṃ paśyatastasya pāpaṃ cātandritau saha

yābhyāṃ prāpnoti saṃpṛktaḥ pretyeha ca sukhāsukham

||19||

yadyācarati dharmaṃ sa prāyaśo'dharmamalpaśaḥ

taireva cāvṛto bhūtaiḥ svarge sukhamupāśnute

||20||

yadi tu prāyaśo'dharmaṃ sevate dharmamalpaśaḥ

tairbhūtaiḥ sa parityakto yāmīḥ prāpnoti yātanāḥ

||21||

yāmīstā yātanāḥ prāpya sa jīvo vītakalmaṣaḥ

tānyeva pañca bhūtāni punarapyeti bhāgaśaḥ

||22||

etā dṛṣṭvāsya jīvasya gatīḥ svenaiva cetasā

dharmato'dharmataścaiva dharme dadhyātsadā manaḥ

||23||

sattvaṃ rajastamaścaiva trīnvidyādātmano guṇān

yairvyāpyemānsthito bhāvānmahānsarvānaśeṣataḥ

||24||

yo yadaiṣāṃ guṇo dehe sākalyenātiricyate

sa tadā tadguṇaprāyaṃ taṃ karoti śarīriṇam

||25||

sattvaṃ jñānaṃ tamo'jñānaṃ rāgadveṣau rajaḥ smṛtam

etadvyāptimadeteṣāṃ sarvabhūtāśritaṃ vapuḥ

||26||

tatra yatprītisaṃyuktaṃ kiṃ cidātmani lakṣayet

praśāntamiva śuddhābhaṃ sattvaṃ tadupadhārayet

||27||

yattu duḥkhasamāyuktamaprītikaramātmanaḥ

tadrajo pratīpaṃ vidyātsatataṃ hāri dehinām

||28||

yattu syānmohasaṃyuktamavyaktaṃ viṣayātmakam

apratarkyamavijñeyaṃ tamastadupadhārayet

||29||

trayāṇāmapi caiteṣāṃ guṇānāṃ yaḥ phalodayaḥ

agryo madhyo jaghanyaśca taṃ pravakṣyāmyaśeṣataḥ

||30||

vedābhyāsastapo jñānaṃ śaucamindriyanigrahaḥ

dharmakriyātmacintā ca sāttvikaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam

||31||

ārambharucitādhairyamasatkāryaparigrahaḥ

viṣayopasevā cājasraṃ rājasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam

||32||

lobhaḥ svapno'dhṛtiḥ krauryaṃ nāstikyaṃ bhinnavṛttitā

yāciṣṇutā pramādaśca tāmasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam

||33||

trayāṇāmapi caiteṣāṃ guṇānāṃ triṣu tiṣṭhatām

idaṃ sāmāsikaṃ jñeyaṃ kramaśo guṇalakṣaṇam

||34||

yatkarma kṛtvā kurvaṃśca kariṣyaṃścaiva lajjati

tajjñeyaṃ viduṣā sarvaṃ tāmasaṃ guṇalakṣaṇam

||35||

yenāsminkarmanā loke khyātimicchati puṣkalām

na ca śocatyasaṃpattau tadvijñeyaṃ tu rājasam

||36||

yatsarveṇecchati jñātuṃ yanna lajjati cācaran

yena tuṣyati cātmāsya tatsattvaguṇalakṣaṇam

||37||

tamaso lakṣaṇaṃ kāmo rajasastvartha ucyate

sattvasya lakṣaṇaṃ dharmaḥ śraiṣṭhyameṣāṃ yathottaram

||38||

yena yastu guṇenaiṣāṃ saṃsarānpratipadyate

tānsamāsena vakṣyāmi sarvasyāsya yathākramam

||39||

devatvaṃ sāttvikā yānti manuṣyatvaṃ ca rājasāḥ

tiryaktvaṃ tāmasā nityamityeṣā trividhā gatiḥ

||40||

trividhā trividhaiṣā tu vijñeyā gauṇikī gatiḥ

adhamā madhyamāgryā ca karmavidyāviśeṣataḥ

||41||

sthāvarāḥ kṛmikīṭāśca matsyāḥ sarpāḥ sakacchapāḥ

paśavaśca mṛgāścaiva jaghanyā tāmasī gatiḥ

||42||

hastinaśca turaṅgāśca śūdrā mlecchāśca garhitāḥ

siṃhā vyāghrā varāhāśca madhyamā tāmasī gatiḥ

||43||

cāraṇāśca suparṇāśca puruṣāścaiva dāmbhikāḥ

rakṣāṃsi ca piśācāśca tāmasīṣūttamā gatiḥ

||44||

jhallā mallā naṭāścaiva puruṣāḥ śastravṛttayaḥ

dyūtapānaprasaktāśca jaghanyā rājasī gatiḥ

||45||

rājānaḥ kṣatriyāścaiva rājñāṃ caiva purohitāḥ

vādayuddhapradhānāśca madhyamā rājasī gatiḥ

||46||

gandharvā guhyakā yakṣā vibudhānucarāśca ye

tathaivāpsarasaḥ sarvā rājasīṣūttamā gatiḥ

||47||

tāpasā yatayo viprā ye ca vaimānikā gaṇāḥ

nakṣatrāṇi ca daityāśca prathamā sāttvikī gatiḥ

||48||

yajvāna ṛṣayo devā vedā jyotīṃṣi vatsarāḥ

pitaraścaiva sādhyāśca dvitīyā sāttvikī gatiḥ

||49||

brahmā viśvasṛjo dharmo mahānavyaktameva ca

uttamāṃ sāttvikīmetāṃ gatimāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ

||50||

eṣa sarvaḥ samuddiṣṭastriprakārasya karmaṇaḥ

trividhastrividhaḥ kṛtsnaḥ saṃsāraḥ sārvabhautikaḥ

||51||

indriyāṇāṃ prasaṅgena dharmasyāsevanena ca

pāpānsaṃyānti saṃsārānavidvāṃso narādhamāḥ

||52||

yāṃ yāṃ yoniṃ tu jīvo'yaṃ yena yeneha karmaṇā

kramaśo yāti loke'smiṃstattatsarvaṃ nibodhata

||53||

bahūnvarṣagaṇānghorānnarakānprāpya tatkṣayāt

saṃsārānpratipadyante mahāpātakinastvimān

||54||

śvasūkarakharoṣṭrāṇāṃ go'jāvimṛgapakṣiṇāṃ

caṇḍālapukkasānāṃ ca brahmahā yonimṛcchati

||55||

kṛmikīṭapataṅgānāṃ viḍbhujāṃ caiva pakṣiṇām

hiṃsrāṇāṃ caiva sattvānāṃ surāpo brāhmaṇo vrajet

||56||

lūtāhisaraṭānāṃ ca tiraścāṃ cāmbucāriṇām

hiṃsrāṇāṃ ca piśācānāṃ steno vipraḥ sahasraśaḥ

||57||

tṛṇagulmalatānāṃ ca kravyādāṃ daṃṣṭriṇāmapi

krūrakarmakṛtāṃ caiva śataśo gurutalpagaḥ

||58||

hiṃsrā bhavanti kravyādāḥ kṛmayo'medhyabhakṣiṇaḥ

parasparādinaḥ stenāḥ pretyāntyastrīniṣeviṇaḥ

||59||

saṃyogaṃ patitairgatvā parasyaiva ca yoṣitam

apahṛtya ca viprasvaṃ bhavati brahmarākṣasaḥ

||60||

maṇimuktāpravālāni hṛtvā lobhena mānavaḥ

vividhāṇi ca ratnāni jāyate hemakartṛṣu

||61||

dhānyaṃ hṛtvā bhavatyākhuḥ kāṃsyaṃ haṃso jalaṃ plavaḥ

madhu daṃśaḥ payaḥ kāko rasaṃ śvā nakulo ghṛtam

||62||

māṃsaṃ gṛdhro vapāṃ madgustailaṃ tailapakaḥ khagaḥ

cīrīvākastu lavaṇaṃ balākā śakunirdadhi

||63||

kauśeyaṃ tittirirhṛtvā kṣaumaṃ hṛtvā tu darduraḥ

kārpāsatāntavaṃ krauñco godhā gāṃ vāggudo guḍam

||64||

chucchundariḥ śubhāngandhānpatraśākaṃ tu barhiṇaḥ

śvāvitkṛtānnaṃ vividhamakṛtānnaṃ tu śalyakaḥ

||65||

bako bhavati hṛtvāgniṃ gṛhakārī hyupaskaram

raktāni hṛtvā vāsāṃsi jāyate jīvajīvakaḥ

||66||

vṛko mṛgebhaṃ vyāghro'śvaṃ phalamūlaṃ tu markaṭaḥ

strīmṛkṣaḥ stokako vāri yānānyuṣṭraḥ paśūnajaḥ

||67||

yadvā tadvā paradravyamapahṛtya balānnaraḥ

avaśyaṃ yāti tiryaktvaṃ jagdhvā caivāhutaṃ haviḥ

||68||

striyo'pyetena kalpena hṛtvā doṣamavāpnuyuḥ

eteṣāmeva jantūnāṃ bhāryātvamupayānti tāḥ

||69||

svebhyaḥ svebhyastu karmabhyaścyutā varṇā hyanāpadi

pāpānsaṃsṛtya saṃsārānpreṣyatāṃ yānti śatruṣu

||70||

vāntāśyulkāmukhaḥ preto vipro dharmātsvakāccyutaḥ

amedhyakuṇapāśī ca kṣatriyaḥ kaṭapūtanaḥ

||71||

maitrākṣajyotikaḥ preto vaiśyo bhavati pūyabhuk

cailāśakaśca bhavati śūdro dharmātsvakāccyutaḥ

||72||

yathā yathā niṣevante viṣayānviṣayātmakāḥ

tathā tathā kuśalatā teṣāṃ teṣūpajāyate

||73||

te'bhyāsātkarmaṇāṃ teṣāṃ pāpānāmalpabuddhayaḥ

saṃprāpnuvanti duḥkhāni tāsu tāsviha yoniṣu

||74||

tāmisrādiṣu cogreṣu narakeṣu vivartanam

asipatravanādīni bandhanachedanāni ca

||75||

vividhāścaiva saṃpīḍāḥ kākolūkaiśca bhakṣaṇam

karambhavālukātāpānkumbhīpākāṃśca dāruṇān

||76||

saṃbhavāṃśca viyonīṣu duḥkhaprāyāsu nityaśaḥ

śītātapābhighātāṃśca vividhāni bhayāni ca

||77||

asakṛdgarbhavāseṣu vāsaṃ janma ca dāruṇam

bandhanāni ca kāṣṭhāni parapreṣyatvameva ca

||78||

bandhupriyaviyogāṃśca saṃvāsaṃ caiva durjanaiḥ

dravyārjanaṃ ca nāśaṃ ca mitrāmitrasya cārjanam

||79||

jarāṃ caivāpratīkārāṃ vyādhibhiścopapīḍanam

kleśāṃśca vividhāṃstāṃstānmṛtyumeva ca durjayam

||80||

yādṛśena tu bhāvena yadyatkarma niṣevate

tādṛśena śarīreṇa tattatphalamupāśnute

||81||

eṣa sarvaḥ samuddiṣṭaḥ karmaṇāṃ vaḥ phalodayaḥ

naiḥśreyasakaraṃ karma viprasyedaṃ nibodhata

||82||

vedābhyāsastapo jñānamindriyāṇāṃ ca saṃyamaḥ

ahiṃsā gurusevā ca niḥśreyasakaraṃ param

||83||

sarveṣāmapi caiteṣāṃ śubhānāmiha karmaṇām

kiṃ cicchreyaskarataraṃ karmoktaṃ puruṣaṃ prati

||84||

sarveṣāmapi caiteṣāmātmajñānaṃ paraṃ smṛtam

taddhyagryaṃ sarvavidyānāṃ prāpyate hyamṛtaṃ tataḥ

||85||

ṣaṇṇāmeṣāṃ tu sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ pretya ceha ca

śreyaskarataraṃ jñeyaṃ sarvadā karma vaidikam

||86||

vaidike karmayoge tu sarvāṇyetānyaśeṣataḥ

antarbhavanti kramaśastasmiṃstasminkriyāvidhau

||87||

sukhābhyudayikaṃ caiva naiḥśreyasikameva ca

pravṛttaṃ ca nivṛttaṃ ca dvividhaṃ karma vaidikam

||88||

iha cāmutra vā kāmyaṃ pravṛttaṃ karma kīrtyate

niṣkāmaṃ jñātapūrvaṃ tu nivṛttamupadiśyate

||89||

pravṛttaṃ karma saṃsevyaṃ devānāmeti sāmyatām

nivṛttaṃ sevamānastu bhūtānyatyeti pañca vai

||90||

sarvabhūteṣu cātmānaṃ sarvabhūtāni cātmani

samaṃ paśyannātmayājī svārājyamadhigacchati

||91||

yathoktānyapi karmāṇi parihāya dvijottamaḥ

ātmajñāne śame ca syādvedābhyāse ca yatnavān

||92||

etaddhi janmasāphalyaṃ brāhmaṇasya viśeṣataḥ

prāpyaitatkṛtakṛtyo hi dvijo bhavati nānyathā

||93||

pitṛdevamanuṣyāṇāṃ vedaścakṣuḥ sanātanam

aśakyaṃ cāprameyaṃ ca vedaśāstramiti sthitiḥ

||94||

yā vedabāhyāḥ smṛtayo yāśca kāśca kudṛṣṭayaḥ

sarvāstā niṣphalāḥ pretya tamoniṣṭhā hi tāḥ smṛtāḥ

||95||

utpadyante cyavante ca yānyato'nyāni kāni cit

tānyarvākkālikatayā niṣphalānyanṛtāni ca

||96||

cāturvarṇyaṃ trayo lokāścatvāraścāśramāḥ pṛthak

bhūtaṃ bhavyaṃ bhaviṣyaṃ ca sarvaṃ vedātprasidhyati

||97||

śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṃ ca raso gandhaśca pañcamaḥ

vedādeva prasūyante prasūtirguṇakarmataḥ

||98||

bibharti sarvabhūtāni vedaśāstraṃ sanātanam

tasmādetatparaṃ manye yajjantorasya sādhanam

||99||

senāpatyaṃ ca rājyaṃ ca daṇḍanetṛtvameva ca

sarvalokādhipatyaṃ ca vedaśāstravidarhati

||100||

yathā jātabalo vahnirdahatyārdrānapi drumān

tathā dahati vedajñaḥ karmajaṃ doṣamātmanaḥ

||101||

vedaśāstrārthatattvajño yatra tatrāśrame vasan

ihaiva loke tiṣṭhansa brahmabhūyāya kalpate

||102||

ajñebhyo granthinaḥ śreṣṭhā granthibhyo dhāriṇo varāḥ

dhāribhyo jñāninaḥ śreṣṭhā jñānibhyo vyavasāyinaḥ

||103||

tapo vidyā ca viprasya niḥśreyasakaraṃ param

tapasā kilbiṣaṃ hanti vidyayāmṛtamaśnute

||104||

pratyakṣaṃ cānumānaṃ ca śāstraṃ ca vividhāgamam

trayaṃ suviditaṃ kāryaṃ dharmaśuddhimabhīpsatā

||105||

ārṣaṃ dharmopadeśaṃ ca vedaśāstrāvirodhinā

yastarkeṇānusaṃdhatte sa dharmaṃ veda netaraḥ

||106||

naiḥśreyasamidaṃ karma yathoditamaśeṣataḥ

mānavasyāsya śāstrasya rahasyamupadiśyate

||107||

anāmnāteṣu dharmeṣu kathaṃ syāditi cedbhavet

yaṃ śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā brūyuḥ sa dharmaḥ syādaśaṅkitaḥ

||108||

dharmeṇādhigato yaistu vedaḥ saparibṛṃhaṇaḥ

te śiṣṭā brāhmaṇā jñeyāḥ śrutipratyakṣahetavaḥ

||109||

daśāvarā vā pariṣadyaṃ dharmaṃ parikalpayet

tryavarā vāpi vṛttasthā taṃ dharmaṃ na vicālayet

||110||

traividyo hetukastarkī nairukto dharmapāṭhakaḥ

trayaścāśramiṇaḥ pūrve pariṣatsyāddaśāvarā

||111||

ṛgvedavidyajurvicca sāmavedavideva ca

tryavarā pariṣajjñeyā dharmasaṃśayanirṇaye

||112||

eko'pi vedaviddharmaṃ yaṃ vyavasyeddvijottamaḥ

sa vijñeyaḥ paro dharmo nājñānāmudito'yutaiḥ

||113||

avratānāmamantrāṇāṃ jātimātropajīvinām

sahasraśaḥ sametānāṃ pariṣattvaṃ na vidyate

||114||

yaṃ vadanti tamobhūtā mūrkhā dharmamatadvidaḥ

tatpāpaṃ śatadhā bhūtvā tadvaktṝnanugacchati

||115||

etadvo'bhihitaṃ sarvaṃ niḥśreyasakaraṃ param

asmādapracyuto vipraḥ prāpnoti paramāṃ gatim

||116||

evaṃ sa bhagavāndevo lokānāṃ hitakāmyayā

dharmasya paramaṃ guhyaṃ mamedaṃ sarvamuktavān

||117||

sarvamātmani saṃpaśyetsaccāsacca samāhitaḥ

sarvaṃ hyātmani saṃpaśyannādharme kurute manaḥ

||118||

ātmaiva devatāḥ sarvāḥ sarvamātmanyavasthitam

ātmā hi janayatyeṣāṃ karmayogaṃ śarīriṇām

||119||

khaṃ saṃniveśayetkheṣu ceṣṭanasparśane'nilam

paktidṛṣṭyoḥ paraṃ tejaḥ snehe'po gāṃ ca mūrtiṣu

||120||

manasīnduṃ diśaḥ śrotre krānte viṣṇuṃ bale haram

vācyagniṃ mitramutsarge prajane ca prajāpatim

||121||

praśāsitāraṃ sarveṣāmaṇīyāṃsamaṇorapi

rukmābhaṃ svapnadhīgamyaṃ vidyāttaṃ puruṣaṃ param

||122||

etameke vadantyagniṃ manumanye prajāpatim

indrameke pare prāṇamapare brahma śāśvatam

||123||

eṣa sarvāṇi bhūtāni pañcabhirvyāpya mūrtibhiḥ

janmavṛddhikṣayairnityaṃ saṃsārayati cakravat

||124||

evaṃ yaḥ sarvabhūteṣu paśyatyātmānamātmanā

sa sarvasamatāmetya brahmābhyeti paraṃ padam

||125||

ityetanmānavaṃ śāstraṃ bhṛguproktaṃ paṭhandvijaḥ

bhavatyācāravānnityaṃ yatheṣṭāṃ prāpnuyādgatim

||126||