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Daśamo'dhyāyaḥ

3
Manusmṛtiḥ · 10

adhīyīraṃstrayo varṇāḥ svakarmasthā dvijātayaḥ

prabrūyādbrāhmaṇastveṣāṃ netarāviti niścayaḥ

||1||

sarveṣāṃ brāhmaṇo vidyādvṛttyupāyānyathāvidhi

prabrūyāditarebhyaśca svayaṃ caiva tathā bhavet

||2||

vaiśeṣyātprakṛtiśraiṣṭhyānniyamasya ca dhāraṇāt

saṃskārasya viśeṣācca varṇānāṃ brāhmaṇaḥ prabhuḥ

||3||

brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyastrayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ

caturtha ekajātistu śūdro nāsti tu pañcamaḥ

||4||

sarvavarṇeṣu tulyāsu patnīṣvakṣatayoniṣu

ānulomyena saṃbhūtā jātyā jñeyāsta eva te

||5||

strīṣvanantarajātāsu dvijairutpāditānsutān

sadṛśāneva tānāhurmātṛdoṣavigarhitān

||6||

anantarāsu jātānāṃ vidhireṣa sanātanaḥ

dvyekāntarāsu jātānāṃ dharmyaṃ vidyādimaṃ vidhim

||7||

brāhmaṇādvaiśyakanyāyāmambaṣṭho nāma jāyate

niṣādaḥ śūdrakanyāyāṃ yaḥ pāraśava ucyate

||8||

kṣatriyācchūdrakanyāyāṃ krūrācāravihāravān

kṣatraśūdravapurjanturugro nāma prajāyate

||9||

viprasya triṣu varṇeṣu nṛpatervarṇayordvayoḥ

vaiśyasya varṇe caikasminṣaḍete'pasadāḥ smṛtāḥ

||10||

kṣatriyādviprakanyāyāṃ sūto bhavati jātitaḥ

vaiśyānmāgadhavaidehau rājaviprāṅganāsutau

||11||

śūdrādāyogavaḥ kṣattā caṇḍālaścādhamo nṛṇām

vaiśyarājanyaviprāsu jāyante varṇasaṃkarāḥ

||12||

ekāntare tvānulomyādambaṣṭhograu yathā smṛtau

kṣattṛvaidehakau tadvatprātilomye'pi janmani

||13||

putrā ye'nantarastrījāḥ krameṇoktā dvijanmanām

tānanantaranāmnastu mātṛdoṣātpracakṣate

||14||

brāhmaṇādugrakanyāyāmāvṛto nāma jāyate

ābhīro'mbaṣṭhakanyāyāmāyogavyāṃ tu dhigvaṇaḥ

||15||

āyogavaśca kṣattā ca caṇḍālaścādhamo nṛṇām

prātilomyena jāyante śūdrādapasadāstrayaḥ

||16||

vaiśyānmāgadhavaidehau kṣatriyātsūta eva tu

pratīpamete jāyante pare'pyapasadāstrayaḥ

||17||

jāto niṣādācchūdrāyāṃ jātyā bhavati pukkasaḥ

śūdrājjāto niṣādyāṃ tu sa vai kukkuṭakaḥ smṛtaḥ

||18||

kṣatturjātastathogrāyāṃ śvapāka iti kīrtyate

vaidehakena tvambaṣṭhyāmutpanno veṇa ucyate

||19||

dvijātayaḥ savarṇāsu janayantyavratāṃstu yān

tānsāvitrīparibhraṣṭānvrātyāniti vinirdiśet

||20||

vrātyāttu jāyate viprātpāpātmā bhūrjakaṇṭakaḥ

āvantyavāṭadhānau ca puṣpadhaḥ śaikha eva ca

||21||

jhallo mallaśca rājanyādvrātyānnicchivireva ca

naṭaśca karaṇaścaiva khaso draviḍa eva ca

||22||

vaiśyāttu jāyate vrātyātsudhanvācārya eva ca

kāruṣaśca vijanmā ca maitraḥ sātvata eva ca

||23||

vyabhicāreṇa varṇānāmavedyāvedanena ca

svakarmaṇāṃ ca tyāgena jāyante varṇasaṃkarāḥ

||24||

saṃkīrṇayonayo ye tu pratilomānulomajāḥ

anyonyavyatiṣaktāśca tānpravakṣyāmyaśeṣataḥ

||25||

sūto vaidehakaścaiva caṇḍālaśca narādhamaḥ

māgadhaḥ tathāyogava eva ca kṣatrajātiśca

||26||

ete ṣaṭsadṛśānvarṇāñjanayanti svayoniṣu

mātṛjātyāṃ prasūyante pravārāsu ca yoniṣu

||27||

yathā trayāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ dvayorātmāsya jāyate

ānantaryātsvayonyāṃ tu tathā bāhyeṣvapi kramāt

||28||

te cāpi bāhyānsubahūṃstato'pyadhikadūṣitān

parasparasya dāreṣu janayanti vigarhitān

||29||

yathaiva śūdro brāhmaṇyāṃ bāhyaṃ jantuṃ prasūyate

tathā bāhyataraṃ bāhyaścāturvarṇye prasūyate

||30||

pratikūlaṃ vartamānā bāhyā bāhyatarānpunaḥ

hīnā hīnānprasūyante varṇānpañcadaśaiva tu

||31||

prasādhanopacārajñamadāsaṃ dāsajīvanam

sairindhraṃ vāgurāvṛttiṃ sūte dasyurayogave

||32||

maitreyakaṃ tu vaideho mādhūkaṃ saṃprasūyate

nṝnpraśaṃsatyajasraṃ yo ghaṇṭātāḍo'ruṇodaye

||33||

niṣādo mārgavaṃ sūte dāsaṃ naukarmajīvinam

kaivartamiti yaṃ prāhurāryāvartanivāsinaḥ

||34||

mṛtavastrabhṛtsvanārīṣu garhitānnāśanāsu ca

bhavantyāyogavīṣvete jātihīnāḥ pṛthaktrayaḥ

||35||

kārāvaro niṣādāttu carmakāraḥ prasūyate

vaidehikādandhramedau bahirgrāmapratiśrayau

||36||

caṇḍālātpāṇḍusopākastvaksāravyavahāravān

āhiṇḍiko niṣādena vaidehyāmeva jāyate

||37||

caṇḍālena tu sopāko mūlavyasanavṛttimān

pukkasyāṃ jāyate pāpaḥ sadā sajjanagarhitaḥ

||38||

niṣādastrī tu caṇḍālātputramantyāvasāyinam

śmaśānagocaraṃ sūte bāhyānāmapi garhitam

||39||

saṃkare jātayastvetāḥ pitṛmātṛpradarśitāḥ

prachannā vā prakāśā vā veditavyāḥ svakarmabhiḥ

||40||

svajātijānantarajāḥ ṣaṭsutā dvijadharmiṇaḥ

śūdrāṇāṃ tu sadharmāṇaḥ sarve'padhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ

||41||

tapobījaprabhāvaistu te gacchanti yuge yuge

utkarṣaṃ cāpakarṣaṃ ca manuṣyeṣviha janmataḥ

||42||

śanakaistu kriyālopādimāḥ kṣatriyajātayaḥ

vṛṣalatvaṃ gatā loke brāhmaṇādarśanena ca

||43||

pauṇḍrakāścauḍradraviḍāḥ kāmbojā yavanāḥ śakāḥ

pāradāpahlavāścīnāḥ kirātā daradāḥ khaśāḥ

||44||

mukhabāhūrupajjānāṃ yā loke jātayo bahiḥ

mlecchavācaścāryavācaḥ sarve te dasyavaḥ smṛtāḥ

||45||

ye dvijānāmapasadā ye cāpadhvaṃsajāḥ smṛtāḥ

te ninditairvartayeyurdvijānāmeva karmabhiḥ

||46||

sūtānāmaśvasārathyamambaṣṭhānāṃ cikitsanam

vaidehakānāṃ strīkāryaṃ māgadhānāṃ vaṇikpathaḥ

||47||

matsyaghāto niṣādānāṃ tvaṣṭistvāyogavasya ca

medāndhracuñcumadgūnāmāraṇyapaśuhiṃsanam

||48||

kṣattrugrapukkasānāṃ tu bilaukovadhabandhanam

dhigvaṇānāṃ carmakāryaṃ veṇānāṃ bhāṇḍavādanam

||49||

caityadrumaśmaśāneṣu śaileṣūpavaneṣu ca

vaseyurete vijñātā vartayantaḥ svakarmabhiḥ

||50||

caṇḍālaśvapacānāṃ tu bahirgrāmātpratiśrayaḥ

apapātrāśca kartavyā dhanameṣāṃ śvagardabham

||51||

vāsāṃsi mṛtacailāni bhinnabhāṇḍeṣu bhojanam

kārṣṇāyasamalaṅkāraḥ parivrajyā ca nityaśaḥ

||52||

na taiḥ samayamanvicchetpuruṣo dharmamācaran

vyavahāro mithasteṣāṃ vivāhaḥ sadṛśaiḥ saha

||53||

annameṣāṃ parādhīnaṃ deyaṃ syādbhinnabhājane

rātrau na vicareyuste grāmeṣu nagareṣu ca

||54||

divā careyuḥ kāryārthaṃ cihnitā rājaśāsanaiḥ

abāndhavaṃ śavaṃ caiva nirhareyuriti sthitiḥ

||55||

vadhyāṃśca hanyuḥ satataṃ yathāśāstraṃ nṛpājñayā

vadhyavāsāṃsi gṛhṇīyuḥ śayyāścābharaṇāni ca

||56||

varṇāpetamavijñātaṃ naraṃ kaluṣayonijam

āryarūpamivānāryaṃ karmabhiḥ svairvibhāvayet

||57||

anāryatā niṣṭhuratā krūratā niṣkriyātmatā

puruṣaṃ vyañjayantīha loke kaluṣayonijam

||58||

pitryaṃ vā bhajate śīlaṃ māturvobhayameva vā

na kathaṃ cana duryoniḥ prakṛtiṃ svāṃ niyacchati

||59||

kule mukhye'pi jātasya yasya syādyonisaṃkaraḥ

saṃśrayatyeva tacchīlaṃ naro'lpamapi vā bahu

||60||

yatra tvete paridhvaṃsājjāyante varṇadūṣakāḥ

rāṣṭrikaiḥ saha tadrāṣṭraṃ kṣiprameva vinaśyati

||61||

brāhmaṇārthe gavārthe vā dehatyāgo'nupaskṛtaḥ

strībālābhyupapattau ca bāhyānāṃ siddhikāraṇam

||62||

ahiṃsā satyamasteyaṃ śaucamindriyanigrahaḥ

etaṃ sāmāsikaṃ dharmaṃ cāturvarṇye'bravīnmanuḥ

||63||

śūdrāyāṃ brāhmaṇājjātaḥ śreyasā cetprajāyate

aśreyānśreyasīṃ jātiṃ gacchatyā saptamādyugāt

||64||

śūdro brāhmaṇatāmeti brāhmaṇaścaiti śūdratām

kṣatriyājjātamevaṃ tu vidyādvaiśyāttathaiva ca

||65||

anāryāyāṃ samutpanno brāhmaṇāttu yadṛcchayā

brāhmaṇyāmapyanāryāttu śreyastvaṃ kveti cedbhavet

||66||

jāto nāryāmanāryāyāmāryādāryo bhavedguṇaiḥ

jāto'pyanāryādāryāyāmanārya iti niścayaḥ

||67||

tāvubhāvapyasaṃskāryāviti dharmo vyavasthitaḥ

vaiguṇyājjanmanaḥ pūrva uttaraḥ pratilomataḥ

||68||

subījaṃ caiva sukṣetre jātaṃ saṃpadyate yathā

tathāryājjāta āryāyāṃ sarvaṃ saṃskāramarhati

||69||

bījameke praśaṃsanti kṣetramanye manīṣiṇaḥ

bījakṣetre tathaivānye tatreyaṃ tu vyavasthitiḥ

||70||

akṣetre bījamutsṛṣṭamantaraiva vinaśyati

abījakamapi kṣetraṃ kevalaṃ sthaṇḍilaṃ bhavet

||71||

yasmādbījaprabhāveṇa tiryagjā ṛṣayo'bhavan

pūjitāśca praśastāśca tasmādbījaṃ praśasyate

||72||

anāryamāryakarmāṇamāryaṃ cānāryakarmiṇam

saṃpradhāryābravīddhātā na samau nāsamāviti

||73||

brāhmaṇā brahmayonisthā ye svakarmaṇyavasthitāḥ

te samyagupajīveyuḥ ṣaṭkarmāṇi yathākramam

||74||

adhyāpanamadhyayanaṃ yajanaṃ yājanaṃ tathā

dānaṃ pratigrahaścaiva ṣaṭkarmāṇyagrajanmanaḥ

||75||

ṣaṇṇāṃ tu karmaṇāmasya trīṇi karmāṇi jīvikā

yājanādhyāpane caiva viśuddhācca pratigrahaḥ

||76||

trayo dharmā nivartante brāhmaṇātkṣatriyaṃ prati

adhyāpanaṃ yājanaṃ ca tṛtīyaśca pratigrahaḥ

||77||

vaiśyaṃ prati tathaivaite nivarteranniti sthitiḥ

na tau prati hi tāndharmānmanurāha prajāpatiḥ

||78||

śastrāstrabhṛttvaṃ kṣatrasya vaṇikpaśukṛṣirviṣaḥ

ājīvanārthaṃ dharmastu dānamadhyayanaṃ yajiḥ

||79||

vedābhyāso brāhmaṇasya kṣatriyasya ca rakṣaṇam

vārtākarmaiva vaiśyasya viśiṣṭāni svakarmasu

||80||

ajīvaṃstu yathoktena brāhmaṇaḥ svena karmaṇā

jīvetkṣatriyadharmeṇa sa hyasya pratyanantaraḥ

||81||

ubhābhyāmapyajīvaṃstu kathaṃ syāditi cedbhavet

kṛṣigorakṣamāsthāya jīvedvaiśyasya jīvikām

||82||

vaiśyavṛttyāpi jīvaṃstu brāhmaṇaḥ ksatriyo'pi vā

hiṃsāprāyāṃ parādhīnāṃ kṛṣiṃ yatnena varjayet

||83||

kṛṣiṃ sādhviti manyante sā vṛttiḥ sadvigarhitāḥ

bhūmiṃ bhūmiśayāṃścaiva hanti kāṣṭhamayomukham

||84||

idaṃ tu vṛttivaikalyāttyajato dharmanaipuṇaṃ

viṭpaṇyamuddhṛtoddhāraṃ vikreyaṃ vittavardhanam

||85||

sarvānrasānapoheta kṛtānnaṃ ca tilaiḥ saha

aśmano lavaṇaṃ caiva paśavo ye ca mānuṣāḥ

||86||

sarvaṃ ca tāntavaṃ raktaṃ śāṇakṣaumāvikāni ca

api cetsyuraraktāni phalamūle tathauṣadhīḥ

||87||

apaḥ śastraṃ viṣaṃ māṃsaṃ somaṃ gandhāṃśca sarvaśaḥ

kṣīraṃ kṣaudraṃ dadhi ghṛtaṃ tailaṃ madhu guḍaṃ kuśān

||88||

āraṇyāṃśca paśūnsarvāndaṃṣṭriṇaśca vayāṃsi ca

madyaṃ nīliṃ ca lākṣāṃ ca sarvāṃścaikaśaphāṃstathā

||89||

kāmamutpādya kṛṣyāṃ tu svayameva kṛṣīvalaḥ

vikrīṇīta tilāñśūdrāndharmārthamacirasthitān

||90||

bhojanābhyañjanāddānādyadanyatkurute tilaiḥ

kṛmibhūtaḥ śvaviṣṭhāyāṃ pitṛbhiḥ saha majjati

||91||

sadyaḥ patati māṃsena lākṣayā lavaṇena ca

tryaheṇa śūdro bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ kṣīravikrayāt

||92||

itareṣāṃ tu paṇyānāṃ vikrayādiha kāmataḥ

brāhmaṇaḥ saptarātreṇa vaiśyabhāvaṃ niyacchati

||93||

rasā rasairnimātavyā na tveva lavaṇaṃ rasaiḥ

kṛtānnaṃ ca kṛtānnena tilā dhānyena tatsamāḥ

||94||

jīvedetena rājanyaḥ sarveṇāpyanayaṃ gataḥ

na tveva jyāyaṃsīṃ vṛttimabhimanyeta karhi cit

||95||

yo lobhādadhamo jātyā jīvedutkṛṣṭakarmabhiḥ

taṃ rājā nirdhanaṃ kṛtvā kṣiprameva pravāsayet

||96||

varaṃ svadharmo viguṇo na pārakyaḥ svanuṣṭhitaḥ

paradharmeṇa jīvanhi sadyaḥ patati jātitaḥ

||97||

vaiśyo'jīvansvadharmeṇa śūdravṛttyāpi vartayet

anācarannakāryāṇi nivarteta ca śaktimān

||98||

aśaknuvaṃstu śuśrūṣāṃ śūdraḥ kartuṃ dvijanmanām

putradārātyayaṃ prāpto jīvetkārukakarmabhiḥ

||99||

yaiḥ karmabhiḥ pracaritaiḥ śuśrūṣyante dvijātayaḥ

tāni kārukakarmāṇi śilpāni vividhāni ca

||100||

vaiśyavṛttimanātiṣṭhanbrāhmaṇaḥ sve pathi sthitaḥ

avṛttikarṣitaḥ sīdannimaṃ dharmaṃ samācaret

||101||

sarvataḥ pratigṛhṇīyādbrāhmaṇastvanayaṃ gataḥ

pavitraṃ duṣyatītyetaddharmato nopapadyate

||102||

nādhyāpanādyājanādvā garhitādvā pratigrahāt

doṣo bhavati viprāṇāṃ jvalanāmbusamā hi te

||103||

jīvitātyayamāpanno yo'nnamatti tatastataḥ

ākāśamiva paṅkena na sa pāpena lipyate

||104||

ajīgartaḥ sutaṃ hantumupāsarpadbubhukṣitaḥ

na cālipyata pāpena kṣutpratīkāramācaran

||105||

śvamāṃsamicchanārto'ttuṃ dharmādharmavicakṣaṇaḥ

prāṇānāṃ parirakṣārthaṃ vāmadevo na liptavān

||106||

bharadvājaḥ kṣudhārtastu saputro vijane vane

bahvīrgāḥ pratijagrāha vṛdhostakṣṇo mahātapāḥ

||107||

kṣudhārtaścāttumabhyāgādviśvāmitraḥ śvajāghanīm

caṇḍālahastādādāya dharmādharmavicakṣaṇaḥ

||108||

pratigrahādyājanādvā tathaivādhyāpanādapi

pratigrahaḥ pratyavaraḥ pretya viprasya garhitaḥ

||109||

yājanādhyāpane nityaṃ kriyete saṃskṛtātmanām

pratigrahastu kriyate śūdrādapyantyajanmanaḥ

||110||

japahomairapaityeno yājanādhyāpanaiḥ kṛtam

pratigrahanimittaṃ tu tyāgena tapasaiva ca

||111||

śiloñchamapyādadīta vipro'jīvanyatastataḥ

pratigrahācchilaḥ śreyāṃstato'pyuñchaḥ praśasyate

||112||

sīdadbhiḥ kupyamicchadbhirdhane vā pṛthivīpatiḥ

yācyaḥ syātsnātakairviprairaditsaṃstyāgamarhati

||113||

akṛtaṃ ca kṛtātkṣetrādgaurajāvikameva ca

hiraṇyaṃ dhānyamannaṃ ca pūrvaṃ pūrvamadoṣavat

||114||

sapta vittāgamā dharmyā dāyo lābhaḥ krayo jayaḥ

prayogaḥ karmayogaśca satpratigraha eva ca

||115||

vidyā śilpaṃ bhṛtiḥ sevā gorakṣyaṃ vipaṇiḥ kṛṣiḥ

dhṛtirbhaikṣaṃ kusīdaṃ ca daśa jīvanahetavaḥ

||116||

brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vāpi vṛddhiṃ naiva prayojayet

kāmaṃ tu khalu dharmārthaṃ dadyātpāpīyase'lpikām

||117||

caturthamādadāno'pi kṣatriyo bhāgamāpadi

prajā rakṣanparaṃ śaktyā kilbiṣātpratimucyate

||118||

svadharmo vijayastasya nāhave syātparāṅmukhaḥ

śastreṇa vaiśyānrakṣitvā dharmyamāhārayedbalim

||119||

dhānye'ṣṭamaṃ viśāṃ śulkaṃ viṃśaṃ kārṣāpaṇāvaram

karmopakaraṇāḥ śūdrāḥ kāravaḥ śilpinastathā

||120||

śūdrastu vṛttimākāṅkṣankṣatramārādhayedyadi

dhaninaṃ vāpyupārādhya vaiśyaṃ śūdro jijīviṣet

||121||

svargārthamubhayārthaṃ vā viprānārādhayettu saḥ

jātabrāhmaṇaśabdasya sā hyasya kṛtakṛtyatā

||122||

viprasevaiva śūdrasya viśiṣṭaṃ karma kīrtyate

yadato'nyaddhi kurute tadbhavatyasya niṣphalam

||123||

prakalpyā tasya tairvṛttiḥ svakuṭumbādyathārhataḥ

śaktiṃ cāvekṣya dākṣyaṃ ca bhṛtyānāṃ ca parigraham

||124||

ucchiṣṭamannaṃ dātavyaṃ jīrṇāni vasanāni ca

pulākāścaiva dhānyānāṃ jīrṇāścaiva paricchadāḥ

||125||

na śūdre pātakaṃ kiṃ cinna ca saṃskāramarhati

nāsyādhikāro dharme'sti na dharmātpratiṣedhanam

||126||

dharmepsavastu dharmajñāḥ satāṃ vṛttamanuṣṭhitāḥ

mantravarjyaṃ na duṣyanti praśaṃsāṃ prāpnuvanti ca

||127||

yathā yathā hi sadvṛttamātiṣṭhatyanasūyakaḥ

tathā tathemaṃ cāmuṃ ca lokaṃ prāpnotyaninditaḥ

||128||

śaktenāpi hi śūdreṇa na kāryo dhanasaṃcayaḥ

śūdro hi dhanamāsādya brāhmaṇāneva bādhate

||129||

ete caturṇāṃ varṇānāmāpaddharmāḥ prakīrtitāḥ

yānsamyaganutiṣṭhanto vrajanti paramaṃ gatim

||130||

eṣa dharmavidhiḥ kṛtsnaścāturvarṇyasya kīrtitaḥ

ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi prāyaścittavidhiṃ śubham

||131||